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 100 GPD AQUASAFE RESIDENTIAL 5 STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM $99.99 Time Remaining: 3d 7h 8m Buy It Now for only: $99.99 |
 Oceanic Reverse Osmosis Water Filter Systems 4 stage 36 GPD Made in USA $94.00 Time Remaining: 1h 47m |
 Oceanic 5 stage Reverse Osmosis Water Filter System With clear housing 50 GPD $118.00 Time Remaining: 4h 47m |
 5 STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM DRINKING WATER FILTER SYSTEM 50GPD $110.00 Time Remaining: 1d 6h 8m Buy It Now for only: $110.00 |
 PREMIER REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER SYSTEM ALKALINE FILTER 6 Stage Made in USA $124.00 Time Remaining: 5h 27m |
 5 Stage Drinking Reverse Osmosis System RO Water Filter $119.99 Time Remaining: 25d 1h 44m Buy It Now for only: $119.99 |
 Counter top Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Filter 5STAGE 100 GPD Alkaline system $99.00 Time Remaining: 5h 29m |
 2 Year 5 Stage Reverse Osmosis Replacement Filter Kit 14 cartridges $47.50 Time Remaining: 5d 6h 40m Buy It Now for only: $47.50 |
 100 GPD Reverse Osmosis complete 6 Stage Water Filter system a2 $152.00 Time Remaining: 5h 30m |
 Watts 7 PK RO Filters Premier 1 Year 5 Stage Reverse Osmosis Replacement $38.99 Time Remaining: 9h 37m Buy It Now for only: $38.99 |
 Premier Reverse Osmosis Water Filter System 5 Stage $105.00 Time Remaining: 7h 6m |
 5 STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM RO WATER FILTER 75 GPD $129.99 Time Remaining: 19d 23h 39m Buy It Now for only: $129.99 |
 Reverse Osmosis RO 100 GPD 5 Stage DI Water Filter D1005R1 $95.00 Time Remaining: 7h 30m |
 4 STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM DRINKING WATER FILTER SYSTEM 50GPD $90.00 Time Remaining: 26d 22h 38m Buy It Now for only: $90.00 |
 100 GPD RO Reverse Osmosis 6 Stage water filter w Permeate Pump A1 $149.00 Time Remaining: 7h 30m |
 50 GPD PURENEX RESIDENTIAL 5 STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM SET $47.99 Time Remaining: 5d 5h 45m Buy It Now for only: $47.99 |
 Premier Reverse Osmosis Water Filter System 5 Stage fluoride reduction USA $105.00 Time Remaining: 8h 20m |
 RO Filters Premier 1 Year 5 Stage Reverse Osmosis Replacement Filter Kit $35.99 Time Remaining: 17d 2h 1m Buy It Now for only: $35.99 |
 Pacifc REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER SYSTEM 6 Stage with ALKALINE FILTER Made in USA $115.00 Time Remaining: 8h 25m |
 MAXIMUS II 100GPD REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER 6 STAGES $249.95 Time Remaining: 19d 6h 26m Buy It Now for only: $249.95 |
 Reverse Osmosis DRINKING HOME Water Filter System Alkaline Filter 6 stage 36GPD $124.00 Time Remaining: 9h 13m |
 AQUASAFE 5 STAGE 100 GPD REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER $185.99 Time Remaining: 19d 6h 26m Buy It Now for only: $185.99 |
 PACIFIC REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM 5 STAGE 75GPD MADE IN USA $119.00 Time Remaining: 9h 25m |
 Residential 5 Stage Home Drinking Reverse Osmosis Water Filter System RO 50 GPD $125.00 Time Remaining: 21d 9h 54m Buy It Now for only: $125.00 |
 5 STAGE RESIDENTIAL REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER AQUASAFE 100GPD GET PROTECTED $101.99 Time Remaining: 9h 29m |
 REVERSE OSMOSIS 5 STAGE FILTER PACK 50 GPD WATTS $56.49 Time Remaining: 6d 1h 34m Buy It Now for only: $56.49 |
 Oceanic 5 stage Reverse Osmosis Water Filter System With clear housing 36 GPD $118.00 Time Remaining: 10h 36m |
 6 STAGE 50 GPD RO PH ALKALINE REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM $174.90 Time Remaining: 10d 13h 15m Buy It Now for only: $174.90 |
 5 STAGE RESIDENTIAL REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER AQUASAFE 100GPD GET PROTECTED $139.99 Time Remaining: 13h 49m |
 REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER 100 GPD AQUASAFE 6 STAGE $139.99 Time Remaining: 5d 7h 13m Buy It Now for only: $139.99 |
 Oceanic 6 stage Reverse Osmosis Water Filter REMINERLIZER Permeate Pump 75 gpd $154.00 Time Remaining: 23h 28m |
 REVERSE OSMOSIS REPLACMENT FILTERS MEMBRANE 5 STAGE $48.45 Time Remaining: 4d 3h 5m Buy It Now for only: $48.45 |
 Premier Residential Reverse Osmosis Water Filter System 5 Stage Made in USA $105.00 Time Remaining: 23h 55m |
 AQUARIUM RO+DI REVERSE OSMOSIS 7 Stages 100GPD 0ppm $119.50 Time Remaining: 6d 7h 5m Buy It Now for only: $119.50 |
 Oceanic Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Filter Systems 5 stage Residential USA $105.00 Time Remaining: 1d 10m |
 75GPD 6 Stage Reverse Osmosis RO DI Water Filter RCW7DT $138.69 Time Remaining: 23d 8h 32m Buy It Now for only: $138.69 |
 RESIDENTIAL 6 STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER AQUASAFE 100 GPD GET PROTECTED $117.99 Time Remaining: 1d 2h 20m |
 5 STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTERS FILTER SET RO $54.72 Time Remaining: 6d 23h 45m Buy It Now for only: $54.72 |
 Oceanic PORTABLE REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER SYSTEM 100 GPD 4 stage $74.50 Time Remaining: 1d 3h 11m |
 5 STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS DRINKING WATER FILTER SYSTEM $120.00 Time Remaining: 8d 22h 27m Buy It Now for only: $120.00 |
 MAXIMUS II COMBO 100GPD REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER 6 STAGES ALKALINE WATER $211.99 Time Remaining: 1d 4h 28m |
 Residential 5 Stage Home Drinking Reverse Osmosis Water Filter System RO 50 GPD $110.00 Time Remaining: 1d 12h 44m Buy It Now for only: $110.00 |
 Reverse Osmosis RO REEF 5 Stage DI Water Filter A2 $95.00 Time Remaining: 1d 5h 30m |
 Oceanic Reverse Osmosis Water Filter Systems 5 stage 36 $105.00 Time Remaining: 3d 7h 9m Buy It Now for only: $105.00 |
 100 GPD RO Reverse Osmosis 6 Stage w Permeate Pump a2 $185.00 Time Remaining: 1d 7h 15m |
 Max Water 10 Stage UV PH Alkaline Mineral RODI Drinking Reverse Osmosis System $283.50 Time Remaining: 27d 10h 47m Buy It Now for only: $283.50 |
 100 GPD Reverse Osmosis complete 6 Stage Water Filter system a2 $143.00 Time Remaining: 1d 7h 15m |
 2 set 8 pcs RO Replacement Filters FS 4x2 fit for 5 stage Reverse Osmosis System $50.00 Time Remaining: 3d 2h 26m Buy It Now for only: $50.00 |
 150 GPD Reverse Osmosis complete 6 stage filter sys M6 $159.00 Time Remaining: 1d 7h 15m |
 AQUAPRO REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM 5 STAGE $99.99 Time Remaining: 9d 4h 45m Buy It Now for only: $99.99 |
 AQUARIUM RO + 3 x DI REVERSE OSMOSIS 7 Stage COMBO 100GPD 0PMM SAVE TODAY $180.99 Time Remaining: 1d 8h 27m |
 WRO 3500 Reverse Osmosis Monitored Multi Stage Drinking Water System $159.00 Time Remaining: 1d 8h 46m Buy It Now for only: $199.00 |
 Premier Reverse Osmosis Water Filter System 5 Stage $118.70 Time Remaining: 29d 7h 10m Buy It Now for only: $118.70 |
 AQUASAFE 5 STAGE 100 GPD REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER COMBO GET PROTECTED $187.99 Time Remaining: 1d 10h 10m |
 4 Stage Reverse Osmosis Water 3 Replacement filters $14.95 Time Remaining: 18d 5h 33m Buy It Now for only: $14.95 |
 REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER 5 STAGES AQUASAFE 100GPD $109.89 Time Remaining: 1d 22h 55m |
 5 STAGE 50GPD Residential REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM RO WATER FILTER 50 GPD $94.90 Time Remaining: 13d 7h 58m Buy It Now for only: $94.90 |
 Reverse Osmosis DRINKING HOME Water Filter System Alkaline Filter 6 stage 50GPD $129.00 Time Remaining: 2d 53m |
 Reverse Osmosis RO 5 Stage Water Filter Replacement Kit $19.95 Time Remaining: 1h 43m Buy It Now for only: $19.95 |
 AquaPro 5 STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER WITH PERMEATE PUMP $129.99 Time Remaining: 2d 1h 27m Buy It Now for only: $149.99 |
 6 Stage RO UV + Booster Pump 100 150GPD Reverse Osmosis System Water Filter Tank $250.95 Time Remaining: 16d 5h 45m Buy It Now for only: $250.95 |
 6 STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER REMINERALIZER PERMEATE PUMP 100GPD $179.00 Time Remaining: 2d 1h 54m |
 Portable Mini Reverse Osmosis 75GPD Water System 4stage $58.05 Time Remaining: 26d 23h 6m Buy It Now for only: $58.05 |
 5 STAGE RESIDENTIAL REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER AQUASAFE 100GPD GET PROTECTED $101.99 Time Remaining: 2d 2h 26m |
 OCEANIC Counter top Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Filter 4 STAGE 36 GPD $79.98 Time Remaining: 24d 22h 35m Buy It Now for only: $79.98 |
 kemelo 5 stage reverse osmosis drinking water filter system $34.00 (8 Bids) Time Remaining: 2d 3h 43m |
 OCEANIC Counter top Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Filter 4 STAGE 100 GPD $95.00 Time Remaining: 24d 22h 38m Buy It Now for only: $95.00 |
 RESIDENTIAL 6 STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER AQUASAFE 100 GPD GET PROTECTED $141.99 Time Remaining: 2d 4h 22m |
 100 GPD AQUASAFE 5 STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM MEMBRANE ONLY $24.00 Time Remaining: 29d 10h 33m Buy It Now for only: $24.00 |
 Oceanic PORTABLE REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER SYSTEM 100 GPD 4 stage $74.50 Time Remaining: 2d 5h 29m |
 Reverse Osmosis RO REEF 6 Stage DI Water Filter NEW $124.00 Time Remaining: 21d 1h 8m Buy It Now for only: $124.00 |
 Premier REVERSE OSMOSIS DRINKING WATER FILTERS SYSTEM 4 STAGES 36 GPD $99.00 Time Remaining: 2d 7h 6m |
 CRYSTAL QUEST 50 GPD 10 STAGE PORTABLE REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER $134.95 Time Remaining: 17d 23h 36m Buy It Now for only: $134.95 |
 150 GPD Reverse Osmosis complete 6 stage filter sys A2 $158.00 Time Remaining: 2d 7h 30m |
 22 Reverse Osmosis Water Replacement filters membrane for 5 stage 36GPD 3years $72.50 Time Remaining: 24d 12m Buy It Now for only: $72.50 |
 RO Reverse Osmosis 6 Stage DI Wster Filter w Permeate Pump 75 GPD $155.00 Time Remaining: 2d 7h 30m |
 Titan Water Pro Reverse Osmosis Water Filter System 4 Stage Water Filter System $99.00 Time Remaining: 9d 9h 42m Buy It Now for only: $99.00 |
 Oceanic 5 stage Reverse Osmosis Fluoride Removal Water Filter System USA $149.00 Time Remaining: 2d 8h 24m |
 5 Stage Drinking Reverse Osmosis System RO Water Filter 50Gpd Free Shipping $110.00 Time Remaining: 11d 11h 31m Buy It Now for only: $110.00 |
 Premier Reverse Osmosis Water Filter system 75 GPD 5 Stage Clear housing USA $114.00 Time Remaining: 2d 8h 54m |
 Reverse Osmosis RO 100 GPD 5 Stage DI Water Filter D1005R1 $95.00 Time Remaining: 1d 7h 15m Buy It Now for only: $95.00 |
 Oceanic 5 stage Reverse Osmosis Water Filter System With clear housing 100 GPD $124.00 Time Remaining: 2d 10h 36m |
 5 STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM DRINKING WATER FILTER SYSTEM $90.00 Time Remaining: 13d 8h 12m Buy It Now for only: $90.00 |
 AQUARIUM RO + 3 x DI REVERSE OSMOSIS 7 Stage COMBO 100GPD 0PMM SAVE TODAY $180.99 Time Remaining: 2d 13h 24m |
 REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER 5 STAGES AQUASAFE 100GPD $138.51 Time Remaining: 6d 2h 24m Buy It Now for only: $138.51 |
 Reverse osmosis 5 stages 50 gpd water filter purifier $99.00 Time Remaining: 5d 45m |
 AQUARIUM RO+DI REVERSE OSMOSIS 7 Stage 100GPD 0ppm PLUS $178.99 Time Remaining: 6d 8h 11m Buy It Now for only: $178.99 |
 RO DI water purifier 100 gpd 5 stages Reverse osmosis $109.00 Time Remaining: 5d 1h 52m |
 5 Stage RO MembraneCSM Filter Reverse Osmosis $81.95 Time Remaining: 14d 4h 57m Buy It Now for only: $81.95 |
 MAXIMUS II COMBO 100GPD REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER 6 STAGES GET PROTECTED $251.95 Time Remaining: 2h 36m |
 REVERSE OSMOSIS 5 STAGE FILTER PACK 24 GPD WATTS $56.49 Time Remaining: 6d 1h 25m Buy It Now for only: $56.49 |
 AQUARIUM RO+DI REVERSE OSMOSIS 7 Stages 100GPD 0ppm $121.50 Time Remaining: 4h 27m |
 Portable Mini Reverse Osmosis 75GPD Water System 4stage $59.50 Time Remaining: 27d 6h 6m Buy It Now for only: $59.50 |
 AQUASAFE 5 STAGE 100 GPD REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER GET PROTECTED TODAY $235.50 Time Remaining: 8h 21m |
 8STAGE ALKALINE MINERAL INFRARED REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM $170.91 Time Remaining: 6d 11h 51m Buy It Now for only: $170.91 |
 AQUASAFE 5 STAGE 100 GPD REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER GET PROTECTED TODAY $235.50 Time Remaining: 1d 13h 31m |
 Premier Reverse Osmosis Water Filter system 50 GPD 5 stage clear housing USA $111.15 Time Remaining: 25d 3h 42m Buy It Now for only: $111.15 |
 MAXIMUS II COMBO 100GPD REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER 6 STAGES GET PROTECTED $251.95 Time Remaining: 2d 6h 20m |
 Reverse Osmosis System 6 Stage 100 150 gpd RO + UV + Permeate Pump Water Filter $270.95 Time Remaining: 26d 5h 7m Buy It Now for only: $270.95 |
 AQUARIUM RO+DI REVERSE OSMOSIS 7 Stages 100GPD 0ppm $121.50 Time Remaining: 2d 8h 18m |
Stage Reverse
Industrial Reverse Osmosis: Fundamentals of Reverse Osmosis Design
Industrial Reverse Osmosis (RO) is frequently used in industrial and commercial environments as a reliable and cost effective means of producing high purity water. While water purification is the predominant application for Industrial Reverse Osmosis, in some applications, for example the Food and Beverage industry, the "reject" of the reverse osmosis process is the desired product. A classic example of this is a facility that opts for reverse osmosis to concentrate fruit juice instead of a more traditional evaporative process.
Still other facilities use Industrial Reverse Osmosis as a means of concentrating wastewater streams thus minimizing the amount of waste that must be treated by the local municipality.
It should be clear then that the end use of the reverse osmosis process whether it be the permeate or the reject will define the overall design of the Industrial Reverse Osmosis Equipment.
No matter what the intended use of your Industrial Reverse Osmosis system there are four main components or building blocks that you will be combining in order to most effectively meet your overall process goals.
The Four Industrial Reverse Osmosis Equipment Components:
Element - Array (Train) - Stage - Pass
The RO Element is the building block of any RO system. It is the individual component, where the Reverse Osmosis (RO) process occurs.
There are four main designs for the elements:
•Spiral Wound - Most common design for water purification
•Hollow Fiber - Very large membrane surface areas are possible in this design. Used in seawater desalination
•Large Tube - Similar to a shell-and tube heat exchange in appearance and design. Used in special wastewater treatment and food processing applications
•Flat Plate - Similar to a plate-and frame heat exchanger. Used in food processing applications
Regardless of the element design, high pressure and flow is needed to force pure water through the Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane to become permeate. Because of the high pressures needed, each element must be designed so that the internal structures can withstand a feed water pressure of several hundred psig.
The number of elements needed will be determined by the amount of the final product needed daily.
The RO Array is simply the way in which the elements are grouped together, in series or parallel.
An RO Stage is a series of elements linked together so that the reject (concentrated) water from stage 1 becomes the feed water for stage 2. (To view the associated diagrams please download the white paper) The individual elements in stage one can be set up in series or parallel, but their reject is all collected and is fed to stage 2. The reason for the reprocessing of the reject from stage 1 in stage 2 is to reduce wastewater, and to increase total recovery from the RO array.
A Reverse Osmosis (RO) Pass is an arrangement of elements designed so that the permeate from pass 1 becomes the feed water of pass 2. In other words, the permeate is re-processed (polished), so that the final product is more pure than can be achieved using only one pass. To view a diagram of a multi-pass Reverse Osmosis system - click here.
An RO Array (Train) is illustrated in the figure referenced above. It is the total configuration of elements in series and parallel, and may consist of one or more stages, (generally up to a maximum of three), and one or more passes (generally, up to two, although three have been seen). There may be several RO arrays in one application.
The final Industrial Reverse Osmosis Equipment design for any Food and Beverage plant design will depend upon:
•Final water or product quality required
•Daily amount of water or product needed
•Inlet feed water (product) quality
•Cost to treat wastewater
•Type of upstream feed water (process) treatment equipment
About the Author
An in-depth analysis of RO Design for the Food and Beverage industry is provided in the free ($97 value) Layne Christensen technical paper. Grab your copy of
Reverse Osmosis Design
while they are still available. For additional Reverse Osmosis Information visit
Industrial Reverse Osmosis
How to Install the Watts 4 Stage Reverse Osmosis Water Filter System